日本語道場

Nihongo Dojo — N3 → N2

Grammar

N2· hand-written

～以上

Now that / Since / Seeing as / Inasmuch as / Given that

When to use it

Express an assumption or precondition that logically compels a conclusion; used in business logic, recommendations, and conditional statements where a fact leads to an obligation or necessity.

Formation

Verb: 決定した → 決定した以上、実行しなければならない — "Now that we've decided, we must implement it" I-Adj: 明らかだ → 問題が明らかである以上、対策が必要だ — "Given that the problem is clear, countermeasures are necessary" Noun: 顧客からの要望 + の → 顧客からの要望である以上、応えるべきだ — "Since it's a customer request, we should respond to it"

Examples

  • Now that management has approved the budget, we must proceed with the project on schedule.

  • Understood. However, if resources are insufficient, what should we do?

  • I see. Given that resource shortage is evident, we must first report to management and obtain approval for additional budget. After that, let's consider schedule adjustments.