日本語道場
Nihongo Dojo — N3 → N2
N3
~上に
~ue ni
in addition to, on top of
When to use it
Use ~上に in reports, proposals, and written explanations to stack a second fact onto the first when both point in the same direction — two merits or two drawbacks. It is noticeably more formal than ~し or ~だけでなく, and carries an evaluative tone, so it fits summarizing why a plan is attractive or why a situation is problematic. Avoid it when the two clauses conflict in polarity, and don't use it before requests or invitations.
Formation
Examples
On top of the tight deadline, the budget is limited too.
He has extensive practical experience, and on top of that he's fluent in English.
The materials were sent late, and on top of that the figures were wrong.
This proposal is costly, and moreover its effect is unclear.
They're a new client, and on top of that the contact person just changed.