日本語道場

Nihongo Dojo — N3 → N2

Grammar

N2

~と見なす

~to minasu

regard as, deem

When to use it

Use ~と見なす when you need to state that something is officially treated or counted as something else — a legal, contractual, or procedural judgment rather than a personal opinion. It is the standard verb in contracts, regulations, notices, and internal reports, very often in the passive ~と見なされる or the polite ~と見なします announcing a rule. Compare ~と思う (subjective belief) and ~とする (a stipulation): 見なす stresses that reality may differ but will be deemed thus.

Formation

  • Verb: plain form (dictionary / past / negative) + と見なす — 承諾したと見なす、応じないと見なす
  • i-adjective: plain form + と見なす — 不十分だと見なす(noun-ish 判断 also common: 不十分であると見なす)
  • na-adjective: stem + だ/である + と見なす — 有効だと見なす、無効であると見なす
  • Noun: noun (+ だ/である) + と見なす — 辞退と見なす、重大な違反であると見なす
  • Frequently passive: ~と見なされる; negative ~とは見なされない. Also written かな as ~とみなす in official documents.

Examples

  • If we receive no reply by the deadline, we will deem it acceptance.

  • Without a seal, it is not regarded as a formal contract.

  • Three consecutive delivery delays will be deemed a serious breach.

  • We are booking this outlay as capital investment.

  • If unexcused absences continue, it's taken as intent to resign.