日本語道場

Nihongo Dojo — N3 → N2

Grammar

N2

~とされる

~ to sareru

is said to be, is regarded as

When to use it

Use ~とされる in written or formal spoken Japanese to present something as generally accepted, officially designated, or widely believed — without naming who believes it. It is the standard register for reports, minutes, contracts and news-style writing, where 〜と言われている would sound too casual and 〜だそうだ too hearsay-like. The ~とされている form stresses an established, still-current state (a rule, standard, or prevailing view).

Formation

  • Verb (plain, any tense): 認められる → 認められるとされる / 提出したとされる
  • い-adjective (plain): 難しい → 難しいとされる
  • な-adjective: 必要だ → 必要だとされる(formal written: 必要であるとされる)
  • Noun: 対象だ → 対象だとされる/対象であるとされる;very often the plain 名詞+とされる (対象とされる) when the noun is a designation or category
  • State form: ~とされている emphasizes an ongoing rule or accepted view; ~とされた reports a past determination
  • Negative: ~ないとされる/~ではないとされる

Examples

  • This matter is regarded as the company's top priority.

  • A seal on the original is deemed mandatory.

  • A price increase within the year is considered unavoidable.

  • This method is regarded as the most cost-effective.

  • The negotiations were deemed to be awaiting the other party's reply.