日本語道場
Nihongo Dojo — N3 → N2
N2
~すら
~sura
even
When to use it
Use ~すら in written or formal spoken Japanese to spotlight an extreme, minimal case — "not even X," implying that if even X doesn't hold, everything beyond it certainly doesn't. It is a stiffer, more emphatic cousin of ~さえ, common in reports, complaint emails, and press releases, and it very often pairs with a negative predicate. Avoid it in casual conversation, where ~さえ or ~も sounds more natural.
Formation
Examples
The other party hasn't even glanced at the estimate.
There wasn't even an apology regarding the delivery delay.
We haven't even been told the name of the person in charge.
Even the board members hadn't heard about this merger.
Not even an objection was raised to this proposal.